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Harriet Tubman, born Amarinta Ross, is one of the most revered abolitionists in the history of the United States.
Born into slavery in Maryland in 1822, Tubman engineered an epic escape 27 years later. She traveled 145 kilometers to Philadelphia via the so-called Underground Railroad, a network of routes and safe houses for escaping slaves. She had to travel by night and resort to all sorts of tricks to escape slave-catching gangs. Her life as a slave was left behind.
Still, freeing herself was not enough. Over the next decade, Tubman, with an expert knowledge of the terrain, made another 13 trips back to Maryland and helped guide around 70 relatives and friends to freedom.
Later in life, she played an active role in the Union Army during the US Civil War. After serving as a cook and nurse, Tubman went on to work as a spy and scout. She was a key organizer of the raid at Combahee Ferry which freed over 700 enslaved people.
After the war, Tubman mostly retired to a farm she acquired in Auburn (New York) but remained very active in fighting for the rights of the African-American people, as well as other causes such as women’s suffrage.
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Text: Ricardo Vaz. Artwork: Kalia León.