ESP – ENG
December 18, 2005, was a watershed moment in Bolivia’s history. For the first time ever, the Andean country’s indigenous majority was represented in the presidency of the republic.
Evo Morales, a renowned trade union leader, won the presidential election at the head of the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS) party.
Over the next 15 years, Bolivia experienced rapid advances in its economy and social justice, putting its natural resources at the service of the historically forgotten and oppressed majority in the Andean nation.
This progress included a new constitution, declaring Bolivia a plurinational state. MAS governments also joined the progressive wave and regional integration efforts, participating in initiatives such as the ALBA alliance.
A coup d’état in 2019 brought to power a recalcitrant and fascist far right, bent on persecuting the MAS leadership, erasing indigenous symbols such as the Wiphala, and undoing progressive advances.
The MAS resoundingly triumphed over the coup in the 2020 elections, returning to power. However, the accumulation of external attacks, an economic crisis, and fratricidal disputes within the movement led to defeat in the 2025 elections.
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Text: Ricardo Vaz. Illustration: Kael Abello.